The Amazonian Giant Leech, scientifically known as Haementeria ghilianii, holds the title of the largest leech in the world, reaching lengths of up to 18 inches (46 cm). While leeches inhabit wet, humid environments globally, most are no larger than an index finger; however, some species can grow to impressive sizes.
Particularly, the Haementeria ghilianii is so formidable that it might give you nightmares. This elusive leech is found only in certain regions of Brazil and French Guiana, meaning that unless you reside in or visit these areas, you’re unlikely to encounter one in person. Even photographs of this slimy creature can send shivers down your spine. Most individuals measure around 30 to 25 centimeters, but larger specimens can reach lengths of up to 46 centimeters. WATCH VIDEO BELOW
Italian naturalist Vittore Ghilliani first described the Amazonian Giant Leech in 1849, and since then, it has been regarded almost as a mythical creature due to its unusual size and appearance. While there’s no solid scientific evidence to support exaggerated claims, various legends suggest these oversized leeches can drain all the blood from an adult human in just a few hours.
Claims dating back to 1899 suggest that just a few of these leeches could kill cattle and horses by draining their blood. While detailed information on this topic is scarce, it is believed that Haementeria ghilianii can consume blood at a staggering rate of 4 to 15 milliliters per minute.
Unlike other leeches that use their teeth to puncture the skin of their host, the Amazonian Giant Leech employs a sharp, dagger-like structure called a proboscis to pierce the skin. Despite its proboscis measuring around 10 centimeters, the host typically won’t feel its insertion. This is because the leech secretes a mixture of chemicals that numb the area it penetrates. The saliva of the Giant Leech contains a potent anticoagulant that keeps blood flowing even after it detaches from its host. WATCH VIDEO BELOW
Haementeria ghilianii can survive for months without feeding, patiently waiting for its next meal. When fasting, it can appear much smaller, but once it feeds, it can swell to 3 to 6 times its weight.
This rare leech is sturdier than one might expect. Mark Siddall from the American Museum of Natural History asserts that its strong longitudinal muscles make it resilient; stepping on it with a boot may not be enough to kill it. So, if you happen to encounter one of these creatures in the wild, take extra precautions to ensure it’s truly dead—or at the very least, keep your distance! WATCH VIDEO BELOW
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